CAMS provides continuous data and information on atmospheric composition.

The service describes the current situation, forecasts the situation a few days ahead, and analyses consistently retrospective data records for recent years.

The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service supports many applications in a variety of domains including health, environmental monitoring, renewable energies, meteorology and climatology.

The service focuses on five main areas:

1. Air quality and atmospheric composition;
2. Ozone layer and ultra-violet radiation;
3. Emissions and surface fluxes;
4. Solar radiation;
5. Climate forcing.

It provides daily information on the global atmospheric composition by monitoring and forecasting constituents such as greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane), reactive gases (e.g.  carbon monoxide, oxidised nitrogen compounds, sulphur dioxide), ozone and aerosols.

It provides near-real-time analysis and 4-day forecasts, as well as reanalysis, of the European air quality, thus enabling a permanent assessment of the air we breathe.

It provides public and private organisations involved in solar energy usage with suitable and accurate information on the solar radiation resources at the Earth’s surface, which is of major importance in domains like health, agriculture and renewable energies.

 For a more detailed presentation of the Copernicus Atmospherere Monitoring Service, please refer to:

 https://www.copernicus.eu/en/services/atmosphere
 https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/

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C3S and CAMS are services of the European Union’s Earth observation programme Copernicus and are implemented by ECMWF. Their data provide the first complete, global picture of 2018 temperatures and CO₂ levels. The results are in line with previous projections from WMO and the Global Carbon Project (GCP) for 2018. The temperature dataset of the Copernicus Climate Change Service shows that the global average surface air temperature was 14.7°C, 0.2°C lower than in 2016, the warmest year on record. The data reveal that:

• The last four years have been the warmest four on record, with 2018 being the fourth warmest, not far short of the temperature of the third warmest year 2015.
• 2018 was more than 0.4°C warmer than the 1981-2010 average.
• The average temperature of the last 5 years was 1.1°C higher than the pre-industrial average (as defined by the IPCC).
• Europe saw annual temperatures less than 0.1°C below those of the two warmest years on record, 2014 and 2015.

Furthermore, according to satellite measurements of global atmospheric CO₂ concentrations:

• CO₂ continued to rise in 2018 and increased by 2.5 +/- 0.8 ppm/year.

“The Copernicus Climate Change Service provides quality assured data of climate indicators like surface temperature, sea-ice cover and hydrological variables like precipitation”, says Jean-Noël Thépaut, Head of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). “In 2018, we have again seen a very warm year, the fourth warmest on record. Dramatic climatic events like the warm and dry summer in large parts of Europe or the increasing temperature around the Arctic regions are alarming signs to all of us. Only by combining our efforts, can we make a difference and preserve our planet for future generations.”

C3S provides an early picture of 2018 global temperatures 

The C3S temperature data for 2018 is the first complete set to be published including annual anomalies and globally averaged fields. C3S can provide the global picture so rapidly because it is an operational programme, processing millions of land, marine, airborne and satellite observations daily. A mathematical model is used to bring all these observations together, in a similar way to what is done in weather forecasting. The benefit to users of the data is that they have an accurate estimate of temperatures at any time or place they choose – even in sparsely-observed areas like the polar regions.

The Copernicus C3S data show that 2018 surface temperatures were more than 0.4°C higher than the long-term average recorded over the period 1981-2010. The most pronounced warming compared to the long-term average occurred in the Arctic, in particular in and north of the Bering Strait between USA and Russia and around the Svalbard archipelago. Most land areas were warmer than average, especially Europe, the Middle East and the western USA. In contrast, the northeast of north America and some central areas of Russia and central Asia experienced below average annual temperatures.

Apart from a relatively cold February and March, Europe saw above average temperatures during all months of the year. Starting at the end of spring and continuing well into autumn, and in some places even winter, northern and central Europe experienced weather conditions that were persistently warmer and drier than average.

Air temperature at a height of two metres for 2018, shown relative to its 1981–2010 average.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF

Running 60-month averages of global air temperature at a height of two metres (left-hand axis) and estimated change since the pre-industrial period (right-hand axis) according to different datasets: ERA-Interim (Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF); GISTEMP (NASA); HadCRUT4 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTemp (NOAA); and JRA-55 (JMA).

https://climate.copernicus.eu/last-four-years-have-been-warmest-record-and-co2-continues-rise

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M. Rinaldi, A. Nicosia, G. Santachiara, M. Piazza, M. Paglione, S. Gilardoni, S. Sandrini, P. Cristofanelli, A. Marinoni, P. Bonasoni, M.C. Facchini, F. Belosi

Volume 219, 1 May 2019, Pages 57-64

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.022    

Abstract

Daily average ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations in the PM10 aerosol size fraction at different temperatures and Sw. The dotted lines enclose the Saharan dust transport events.

L'articolo Ground level ice nucleating particles measurements at Capo Granitola, a Mediterranean coastal site sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.

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Apart from the months of February (with a negative anomaly) and March (on average compared to the reference period), all the other ten months of 2018 recorded positive anomalies and nine of them registered more than 1°C compared to the average period.

The months of January was the second January warmer from 1800 to today with an anomaly of +2.37 °C compared to the average, while April was the hottest since 1800, with an anomaly of +3.50 °C compared to the average period. Considering the last 220 years of climatic history in Italy, the anomaly of 2018 confirms that climate change has a significant impact on our country. In fact, among the 30 warmest years since the 1800s, 25 were registered after 1990.

2018 was also the warmest year since the beginning of the observations available for France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria.

For more information visit http://www.isac.cnr.it/climstor/climate_news.html

Michele Brunetti, CNR-ISAC

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