CAMS provides continuous data and information on atmospheric composition.

The service describes the current situation, forecasts the situation a few days ahead, and analyses consistently retrospective data records for recent years.

The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service supports many applications in a variety of domains including health, environmental monitoring, renewable energies, meteorology and climatology.

The service focuses on five main areas:

1. Air quality and atmospheric composition;
2. Ozone layer and ultra-violet radiation;
3. Emissions and surface fluxes;
4. Solar radiation;
5. Climate forcing.

It provides daily information on the global atmospheric composition by monitoring and forecasting constituents such as greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane), reactive gases (e.g.  carbon monoxide, oxidised nitrogen compounds, sulphur dioxide), ozone and aerosols.

It provides near-real-time analysis and 4-day forecasts, as well as reanalysis, of the European air quality, thus enabling a permanent assessment of the air we breathe.

It provides public and private organisations involved in solar energy usage with suitable and accurate information on the solar radiation resources at the Earth’s surface, which is of major importance in domains like health, agriculture and renewable energies.

 For a more detailed presentation of the Copernicus Atmospherere Monitoring Service, please refer to:

 https://www.copernicus.eu/en/services/atmosphere
 https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/

L'articolo CAMS – Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service: a satellite for a frend sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.

C3S and CAMS are services of the European Union’s Earth observation programme Copernicus and are implemented by ECMWF. Their data provide the first complete, global picture of 2018 temperatures and CO₂ levels. The results are in line with previous projections from WMO and the Global Carbon Project (GCP) for 2018. The temperature dataset of the Copernicus Climate Change Service shows that the global average surface air temperature was 14.7°C, 0.2°C lower than in 2016, the warmest year on record. The data reveal that:

• The last four years have been the warmest four on record, with 2018 being the fourth warmest, not far short of the temperature of the third warmest year 2015.
• 2018 was more than 0.4°C warmer than the 1981-2010 average.
• The average temperature of the last 5 years was 1.1°C higher than the pre-industrial average (as defined by the IPCC).
• Europe saw annual temperatures less than 0.1°C below those of the two warmest years on record, 2014 and 2015.

Furthermore, according to satellite measurements of global atmospheric CO₂ concentrations:

• CO₂ continued to rise in 2018 and increased by 2.5 +/- 0.8 ppm/year.

“The Copernicus Climate Change Service provides quality assured data of climate indicators like surface temperature, sea-ice cover and hydrological variables like precipitation”, says Jean-Noël Thépaut, Head of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). “In 2018, we have again seen a very warm year, the fourth warmest on record. Dramatic climatic events like the warm and dry summer in large parts of Europe or the increasing temperature around the Arctic regions are alarming signs to all of us. Only by combining our efforts, can we make a difference and preserve our planet for future generations.”

C3S provides an early picture of 2018 global temperatures 

The C3S temperature data for 2018 is the first complete set to be published including annual anomalies and globally averaged fields. C3S can provide the global picture so rapidly because it is an operational programme, processing millions of land, marine, airborne and satellite observations daily. A mathematical model is used to bring all these observations together, in a similar way to what is done in weather forecasting. The benefit to users of the data is that they have an accurate estimate of temperatures at any time or place they choose – even in sparsely-observed areas like the polar regions.

The Copernicus C3S data show that 2018 surface temperatures were more than 0.4°C higher than the long-term average recorded over the period 1981-2010. The most pronounced warming compared to the long-term average occurred in the Arctic, in particular in and north of the Bering Strait between USA and Russia and around the Svalbard archipelago. Most land areas were warmer than average, especially Europe, the Middle East and the western USA. In contrast, the northeast of north America and some central areas of Russia and central Asia experienced below average annual temperatures.

Apart from a relatively cold February and March, Europe saw above average temperatures during all months of the year. Starting at the end of spring and continuing well into autumn, and in some places even winter, northern and central Europe experienced weather conditions that were persistently warmer and drier than average.

Air temperature at a height of two metres for 2018, shown relative to its 1981–2010 average.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF

Running 60-month averages of global air temperature at a height of two metres (left-hand axis) and estimated change since the pre-industrial period (right-hand axis) according to different datasets: ERA-Interim (Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF); GISTEMP (NASA); HadCRUT4 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTemp (NOAA); and JRA-55 (JMA).

https://climate.copernicus.eu/last-four-years-have-been-warmest-record-and-co2-continues-rise

L'articolo Copernicus: last four years have been the warmest on record – and CO2 continues to rise sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.

L'articolo (Italiano) IPCC: Global Warming of 1.5 °C sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.

Antonio Donateo, Teresa Lo Feudo, Angela Marinoni, Adelaide Dinoi, Elenio Avolio, Eva Merico, Claudia R. Calidonna, Daniele Contini and Paolo Bonasoni,  Atmosphere 2018, 9, 369; doi:10.3390/atmos9100369

In this work, results of scattering and backscattering coefficients, scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), single scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (g) of atmospheric aerosols are presented. All these parameters were measured during the month of April 2016 in Southern Italy on three different Global Atmosphere Watch observatories in the Central Mediterranean. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that optical aerosol properties were studied at the same time, even if in a brief intensive measurement campaign, at three sites in the South of Italy. In order to obtain a characteristic value for aerosol optical properties, different kinds of particle sources (i.e., dust, marine, and anthropic) have been identified and studied. In the measurement period, one event of a long-range transport of Saharan dust from Northern Africa was observed at all observatories. During the Saharan dust transport event, a minimum value of the SAE (0.69 ± 0.34) and a relatively higher values of SSA were observed. During the dust event, g increased up to 0.69. Marine aerosol contribution and anthropic/urban aerosol intrusion were analysed. From this analysis, SAE average values were 0.70, 0.84, and 1.22, respectively, for dust, marine, and anthropic particles. On the other hand, the SSA minimum value was 0.86 for anthropic particles, and it increased for dust (0.88) and marine (0.93) aerosols. The asymmetry parameter had a limited variability for the three types of aerosol from 0.62 to 0.58, as reported also in literature.

contact: Antonio Donateo, a.donateo@isac.cnr.it

L'articolo Characterization of In Situ Aerosol Optical Properties at Three Observatories in the Central Mediterranean sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.

La Notte dei Ricercatori è un’iniziativa promossa dalla Commissione Europea fin dal 2005 che coinvolge ogni anno migliaia di ricercatori e istituzioni di ricerca in tutti i paesi europei.

L’obiettivo è di creare occasioni di incontro tra ricercatori e cittadini per diffondere la cultura scientifica e la conoscenza delle professioni della ricerca in un contesto informale e stimolante.
Gli eventi comprendono esperimenti e dimostrazioni scientifiche dal vivo, mostre e visite guidate, conferenze e seminari divulgativi, spettacoli e concerti.
L’Italia ha aderito da subito all’iniziativa europea con una molteplicità di progetti che ne fanno tradizionalmente uno dei paesi europei con il maggior numero di eventi sparsi sul territorio. Per il 2018 il progetto coinvolge in Italia 9 progetti per un totale di 116 città: ti aspettiamo il 28 settembre!

ANCHE IN PUGLIA  http://www.laricercaviendinotte.it/ 

BARI, BRINDISI, FOGGIA, LECCE, TARANTO, CASTELLANA GROTTE  http://www.nottedeiricercatori.it/ernapulia.html

Avvicinarsi al mondo della ricerca e confrontarsi con i ricercatori in Puglia, quest’anno sarà ancora più facile grazie al progetto europeo ERN-Apulia.

Le iniziative si svolgeranno venerdì 28 settembre a Bari, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto, Castellana Grotte (Bari) e Roma. Numerosi saranno i temi e le modalità di divulgazione e partecipazione. Temi comuni riguarderanno l’Universo, il Mondo subatomico, la Biosfera, i Beni Culturali, le Scienze umane e le Tecnologie future, ma i diversi siti presenteranno anche focus su attività caratterizzanti la ricerca nel territorio, tra cui nanotecnologie, biotecnologie, medicina personalizzata, aerospazio, agroalimentare, materiali per la sostenibilità, dieta mediterranea, archeologia.

In questo ambito, il 28 settembre si terrà a Lecce una nuova edizione della Notte dei Ricercatori 2018: l’Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima del CNR parteciperà con presentazioni, posters ed esperimenti riguardanti “Le attività dell’Osservatorio Climatico-Ambientale (ECO) di ISAC-CNR Lecce“. In questa occasione saranno illustrate le attività di ricerca scientifica riguardante inquinamento e clima condotte all’Osservatorio I-AMICA e GAW-WMO e svolte nell’ambito del progetto Europeo ERN-Apulia, www.ern-apulia.it.

Per informazioni: Dr. Daniele Contini: D.Contini@isac.cnr.it

L'articolo European Researchers’ Night 2018: Lecce sembra essere il primo su iamica.bo.cnr.it.